2025 Valid 100-160 Exam Updates - 2025 Study Guide
100-160 Certification - The Ultimate Guide [Updated 2025]
NEW QUESTION # 180
What does "data integrity" refer to in the context of security?
- A. Protecting data from unauthorized disclosure
- B. Encrypting data during transmission
- C. Ensuring data is accurate and reliable
- D. Preventing data loss during power outages
Answer: C
Explanation:
Data integrity refers to the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of data throughout its lifecycle. It ensures that data remains unchanged and uncorrupted, regardless of unauthorized access or system failures.
NEW QUESTION # 181
Which of the following techniques is commonly used for monitoring security events "as they occur"?
- A. Access control lists (ACL)
- B. Intrusion detection systems (IDS)
- C. Firewall configuration
- D. Vulnerability scanning
Answer: B
Explanation:
Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are commonly used for monitoring security events in real-time. IDS monitors network traffic and system activity, looking for signs of unauthorized access, malicious activities, or anomalous behavior. When an intrusion is detected, the system generates alerts for immediate action and response.
NEW QUESTION # 182
What is the purpose of multi-factor authentication?
- A. To simplify the login process by only requiring one form of identification
- B. To prevent unauthorized access by encrypting user credentials
- C. To restrict access to certain users by requiring additional authorization
- D. To provide multiple layers of security by requiring users to provide more than one form of identification
Answer: D
Explanation:
Option 1: Correct. Multi-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide more than one form of identification, such as a password and a fingerprint or a security token.
Option 2: Incorrect. Multi-factor authentication does not simplify the login process, but rather adds an additional step to verify the user's identity.
Option 3: Incorrect. While multi-factor authentication can help restrict access to certain users, its main purpose is to provide an extra layer of security rather than additional authorization.
Option 4: Incorrect. While encryption is an important security measure, multi-factor authentication is specifically designed to provide multiple layers of security by requiring multiple forms of identification.
NEW QUESTION # 183
What is the purpose of a firewall in endpoint security?
- A. Monitor and detect suspicious activities on the endpoint
- B. Prevent unauthorized access to the endpoint
- C. Encrypt the data transmitted between the endpoint and the network
- D. Protect the endpoint from malware
Answer: B
Explanation:
Firewalls are a key component of endpoint security as they help prevent unauthorized access to the endpoint. Firewalls work by examining incoming and outgoing network traffic and applying a set of rules to allow or block specific connections. By filtering and monitoring network traffic, firewalls act as a barrier between the endpoint and potential threats, such as hackers or unauthorized users, ensuring only authorized and secure connections are established.
NEW QUESTION # 184
Which of the following best describes the concept of defense in depth in cybersecurity?
- A. Running regular vulnerability scans to maintain the integrity of the system
- B. Implementing access controls to ensure availability of critical resources
- C. Utilizing multiple layers of security controls to protect against different types of threats
- D. Encrypting sensitive data to maintain confidentiality
Answer: C
Explanation:
Defense in depth is a cybersecurity strategy that involves implementing multiple layers of security controls to protect against various types of threats. This approach provides greater resilience and mitigates potential vulnerabilities. By implementing multiple layers, even if one control fails, others can still safeguard the system.
NEW QUESTION # 185
Which of the following features help to secure a wireless SoHo network from unauthorized access?
- A. MAC filtering
- B. SSID broadcast
- C. Default admin credentials
- D. Weak encryption
Answer: A
Explanation:
MAC filtering is a feature that allows a network administrator to specify which devices can connect to the wireless network based on their MAC (Media Access Control) addresses. By enabling MAC filtering, only devices with authorized MAC addresses will be allowed to connect, thereby enhancing network security. SSID (Service Set Identifier) broadcast refers to the network name being broadcasted, and hiding it doesn't provide significant security improvement. Default admin credentials should always be changed to prevent unauthorized access, making option C a weak answer choice. Weak encryption, such as WEP or TKIP, provides little security and should be avoided.
NEW QUESTION # 186
What type of encryption is used to secure data that is stored on a hard drive or other storage media?
- A. Symmetric encryption
- B. Hash encryption
- C. File-based encryption
- D. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
Answer: A
Explanation:
Symmetric encryption is a type of encryption where the same key is used for both the encryption and decryption processes. It is commonly employed to secure data at rest, such as on a hard drive or other storage media. With symmetric encryption, the key must be kept secret to ensure the confidentiality of the encrypted data.
NEW QUESTION # 187
What is a man-in-the-middle attack?
- A. An attack that exploits vulnerabilities in a device's software.
- B. An attack that targets Internet of Things devices.
- C. An attack where an insider intentionally releases sensitive information.
- D. An attack that intercepts and manipulates communication between two parties.
Answer: D
Explanation:
A man-in-the-middle attack occurs when a malicious actor intercepts communication between two parties without their knowledge and manipulates the data exchanged. This can allow the attacker to eavesdrop on conversations, steal sensitive information, or impersonate one of the parties involved.
NEW QUESTION # 188
Which endpoint security mechanism is used to secure data transmitted between the endpoint and the network?
- A. Encryption
- B. Antivirus
- C. Firewall
- D. Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
Answer: A
Explanation:
Encryption is the mechanism used to secure data transmitted between the endpoint and the network. By encrypting the data, it becomes unreadable to unauthorized parties, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of the information being transmitted. Encryption transforms the data into a ciphertext, which can only be decrypted back into its original form using the proper encryption key. This helps protect sensitive and confidential data from interception and unauthorized access during transmission over the network.
NEW QUESTION # 189
Which of the following is a commonly used endpoint security solution?
- A. Firewall
- B. Antivirus
- C. Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
- D. Encryption
Answer: B
Explanation:
Antivirus software is a commonly used endpoint security solution that protects endpoints, such as computers and mobile devices, from malware and other malicious threats. It scans files and programs for known patterns and signature-based detections to identify and eliminate viruses, worms, Trojans, and other types of malware.
NEW QUESTION # 190
Which of the following is a preventive control that can help in reducing the risk of future incidents?
- A. Creating secure backups of critical data
- B. Regularly updating antivirus signatures
- C. Implementing strong access controls and authentication mechanisms
- D. Conducting periodic employee training on incident response
Answer: C
Explanation:
Implementing strong access controls and authentication mechanisms is a preventive control that can help reduce the risk of future incidents. By ensuring that only authorized individuals have access to systems and data, the likelihood of unauthorized access or malicious activity is minimized. While regularly updating antivirus signatures, conducting employee training, and creating secure backups are also important preventive measures, the focus here is on access controls and authentication mechanisms.
NEW QUESTION # 191
What is the purpose of an Access Control List (ACL) in cybersecurity?
- A. To encrypt traffic between two networks
- B. To authenticate users before granting them access
- C. To filter network traffic based on predefined rules
- D. To monitor network traffic for potential security threats
Answer: C
Explanation:
An Access Control List (ACL) is a list of rules that determines which network traffic is allowed and which is denied. It is used to filter network traffic based on criteria such as source/destination IP address, port numbers, and protocols. By implementing an ACL, organizations can control access to their networks, prevent unauthorized access, and enforce security policies.
NEW QUESTION # 192
What is the primary purpose of a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?
- A. To secure wireless network connections
- B. To protect against malware attacks
- C. To establish a secure remote connection over a public network
- D. To encrypt email communications
Answer: C
Explanation:
A VPN is designed to provide secure, encrypted communication over a public network such as the internet. Its primary purpose is to establish a secure and private connection between two endpoints, allowing remote users to access resources on a private network as if they were directly connected to it. This helps protect sensitive data and communications from interception by unauthorized individuals.
NEW QUESTION # 193
What is one of the main objectives of documenting cybersecurity incidents?
- A. To divert attention from the incident
- B. To create a historical record of incidents for legal purposes
- C. To minimize the impact of cyber attacks
- D. To assign blame to individuals responsible for the incident
Answer: C
Explanation:
Documenting cybersecurity incidents helps organizations understand the nature, extent, and impact of the incident. By documenting incidents, organizations can analyze trends, develop strategies to prevent future incidents, and minimize the impact of cyber attacks.
NEW QUESTION # 194
Which technology is responsible for managing cryptographic keys, digital certificates, and providing other security-related services?
- A. Firewall
- B. Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
- C. Virtual Private Network (VPN)
- D. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
Answer: D
Explanation:
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a framework of hardware, software, policies, and procedures used to manage the generation, storage, distribution, and revocation of digital certificates and encryption keys. PKI provides important security services such as authentication, encryption, and integrity checking. It enables secure communication, verifies the trustworthiness of digital identities, and ensures the confidentiality and integrity of data exchanged between parties.
NEW QUESTION # 195
When ranking risks, which of the following factors should be considered?
- A. The likelihood of a risk occurring.
- B. The potential impact or consequences of a risk.
- C. The cost associated with mitigating a risk.
- D. All of the above.
Answer: D
Explanation:
When ranking risks, it is important to consider multiple factors including the likelihood of a risk occurring, the potential impact or consequences of the risk, and the cost associated with mitigating the risk. Considering all these factors together helps prioritize the risks and allocate appropriate resources for risk management.
NEW QUESTION # 196
Which of the following strategies is recommended for managing communication proactively after an event?
- A. Conducting a forensic analysis
- B. Implementing multi-factor authentication
- C. Regularly backing up data
- D. Keeping antivirus software up to date
Answer: A
Explanation:
Conducting a forensic analysis is a recommended strategy for managing communication proactively after an event. When a security incident occurs, it is essential to investigate the nature of the incident, determine its impact, and identify the root cause. Conducting a forensic analysis helps uncover valuable information such as the method of attack, affected systems, and potential weaknesses that can be addressed to prevent similar incidents in the future. This proactive approach facilitates the development of a more robust security posture.
NEW QUESTION # 197
What is a common outcome of a vulnerability assessment?
- A. Confirmation that the system is completely secure.
- B. A list of all vulnerabilities found in the system.
- C. Remediation steps to fix identified vulnerabilities.
- D. A detailed report on the system's security posture.
Answer: D
Explanation:
A common outcome of a vulnerability assessment is a detailed report that provides an overview of the system's security posture. This report may include information about vulnerabilities, their severity, recommendations for remediation, and overall risk assessment.
NEW QUESTION # 198
Which of the following best describes the concept of data integrity in cybersecurity?
- A. Protecting data from unauthorized access or disclosure
- B. Encrypting data to prevent unauthorized modifications
- C. Ensuring data is available for authorized users when needed
- D. Ensuring data is accurate, consistent, and trustworthy
Answer: D
Explanation:
Data integrity in cybersecurity refers to the assurance that data is accurate, consistent, and trustworthy throughout its lifecycle. It involves maintaining the correctness and reliability of data, preventing unauthorized modifications or tampering. Ensuring data integrity is crucial for maintaining the reliability and credibility of information within a system or network.
NEW QUESTION # 199
What is the purpose of implementing a firewall in a network?
- A. To control and filter network traffic based on predetermined security policies
- B. To prevent unauthorized physical access to network devices
- C. To scan and remove malware from network traffic
- D. To monitor network performance and troubleshoot issues
Answer: A
Explanation:
A firewall is a network security device that acts as a barrier between internal and external networks. Its main purpose is to control and filter network traffic based on predetermined security policies. It examines packets entering or leaving the network and either allows or blocks them based on the configured rules.
NEW QUESTION # 200
Which technology focuses on creating rules and correlation logic to identify security incidents based on collected network data?
- A. SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response)
- B. Firewall
- C. SIEM (Security Information and Event Management)
- D. IDS (Intrusion Detection System)
Answer: C
Explanation:
SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) technology plays a critical role in monitoring network data to identify security incidents. SIEM solutions typically have rule-based engines and correlation logic that analyze the collected data and generate alerts or reports when specific security events or patterns are detected. By using predefined rules and correlation logic, SIEM can help identify potential security incidents and provide insights into the overall security posture of an organization's network.
NEW QUESTION # 201
Which protocol is used for broadcasting and resolving MAC addresses to IP addresses?
- A. ARP
- B. ICMP
- C. TCP
- D. UDP
Answer: A
Explanation:
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used for broadcasting and resolving MAC (Media Access Control) addresses to IP addresses within a local network. It helps devices determine the MAC address associated with a given IP address, enabling proper communication on the network. ARP operates at the data link layer of the OSI model.
NEW QUESTION # 202
Which of the following control types is focused on identifying vulnerabilities and weaknesses in systems and addressing them?
- A. Compensating controls
- B. Corrective controls
- C. Preventive controls
- D. Detective controls
Answer: B
Explanation:
Corrective controls are designed to identify and rectify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in systems. They aim to correct issues identified through assessments, audits, or incident response, and ensure that the necessary steps are taken to minimize the associated risks. Examples of corrective controls include patch management, vulnerability scanning, and system hardening procedures.
NEW QUESTION # 203
What is a common vulnerability in Internet of Things (IoT) devices?
- A. Insufficient physical security measures.
- B. Weak encryption protocols used for data transmission.
- C. All of the above.
- D. Lack of user access controls and authentication mechanisms.
Answer: C
Explanation:
IoT devices often suffer from multiple vulnerabilities. Weak encryption protocols make data transmission susceptible to interception and unauthorized access. Insufficient physical security measures can result in the theft or compromise of the device itself. Furthermore, the lack of user access controls and authentication mechanisms can allow unauthorized individuals to infiltrate and manipulate IoT devices.
NEW QUESTION # 204
Which of the following best describes the concept of automation in cybersecurity testing?
- A. Implementing security controls to prevent attacks
- B. Performing physical tests on network infrastructure
- C. Conducting manual security tests
- D. Using software and tools to automatically conduct security tests
Answer: D
Explanation:
Automation in cybersecurity testing involves using software and tools to automatically conduct security tests. This approach helps to increase efficiency and accuracy by automating repetitive tasks, such as vulnerability scanning, penetration testing, and log analysis. It allows for the identification of security issues and vulnerabilities in a timely manner.
NEW QUESTION # 205
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