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Palo Alto Networks Network Security Analyst Sample Questions:

1. An organization uses Palo Alto Networks firewalls and needs to enforce a strict data exfiltration prevention policy. They want to block any outgoing traffic that contains specific patterns of sensitive internal project codes, credit card numbers (PCI DSS scope), and social security numbers (PII scope). They have identified the following requirements: 1. Project codes (e.g., 'PROJ-ALPHA-2024-001', 'PROJ-BETA-FY25-ABC') follow a regex pattern: 2. Credit card numbers (16 digits) must be detected but only if they are associated with the 'PCI DATA ZONE' source zone. 3. Social security numbers (XXX-XX-XXXX) must be detected regardless of the source zone. Which combination of Data Filtering objects, profiles, and security policy rules would achieve this goal with the highest precision and minimal false positives, considering the specific zone requirement for credit cards?

A) Create three Data Patterns: 'ProjectCode_Pattern' (Regex: 'CreditCard_Pattern' (Pre-defined Data Pattern for Credit Card Numbers), 'SSN_Pattern' (Pre-defined Data Pattern for SSN). Create one Data Filtering Profile: 'Exfil_Prevention_Profile' with all three data patterns enabled and set to 'Block' action. Create two Security Policy rules: Rule 1: Name='PCI_Exfil_Block', Source=PCI_DATA_ZONE, Destination=Any, Service=Any, Application=Any, Action=Deny, Profile-Group (or specific profiles)=, Data Filtering Profile='Exfil_Prevention_Profile'. Rule 2: Name='General_Exfil_Block', Source=Any, Destination=Any, Service=Any, Application=Any, Action=Deny, Profile-Group (or specific profiles)=, Data Filtering Profile='Exfil_Prevention_Profile' (but for 'CreditCard_Pattern', set 'action' to 'alert' instead of 'block' within the rule's profile override for all sources EXCEPT 'PCI_DATA_ZONE').
B) Create three Data Patterns: 'ProjectCode_Pattern' (Regex), 'CreditCard_Pattern' (Regex, pre-defined), 'SSN_Pattern' (Regex, pre-defined). Create one Data Filtering Profile: 'Comprehensive_Exfil_ProfiIe' with all three data patterns enabled. Create two Security Policy rules: Rule 1: Source=PCI DATA ZONE, Destination=Any, Action=Deny, Data Filtering Profile=Comprehensive_Exfil_Profile. Rule 2: Source=Any, Destination=Any, Action=Deny, Data Filtering Profile=Comprehensive_Exfil Profile (with 'CreditCard_Pattern' disabled in this specific profile's application if possible, which is not directly supported).
C) Create a custom Application object for each data type. Create three Security Policy rules: Rule 1: Source=PCI DATA ZONE, Destination=Any, Application=CreditCard_App, Action=Deny. Rule 2: Source=Any, Destination=Any, Application=ProjectCode_App, Action=Deny. Rule 3: Source=Any, Destination=Any, Application=SSN_App, Action=Deny.
D) Create three Data Patterns: 'ProjectCode_Pattern' (Regex), 'CreditCard_Pattern' (Pre-defined), 'SSN Pattern' (Pre-defined). Create two Data Filtering Profiles: with 'ProjectCode_Pattern', 'CreditCard_Pattern', and 'SSN_Pattern' enabled. with 'ProjectCode_Pattern' and 'SSN Pattern' enabled. Create two Security Policy rules: Rule 1: Source=PCI DATA ZONE, Destination=Any, Action=Deny, Data Filtering Rule 2: Source-Any (excluding Destination-Any, Action-Deny, Data Filtering
E) Create three Data Patterns: 'ProjectCode_Pattern' (Regex), 'CreditCard_Pattern' (Regex, pre-defined), 'SSN_Pattern' (Regex, pre-defined). Create two Data Filtering Profiles: 'Internal_Exfil Profile' with 'ProjectCode_Pattern' and 'SSN Pattern' enabled, and 'PCI Exfil Profile' with 'CreditCard_Pattern' enabled. Create two Security Policy rules: Rule 1: Source=Any, Destination-Any, Action-Allow, Data Filtering Rule 2: Destination=Any, Action=Allow, Data Filtering Profile=PCI Exfil_ProfiIe.

2. A Network Security Analyst is tasked with investigating a persistent 'High Severity' alert on the Incidents and Alerts page, categorizing it as 'Malware Download'. Log Viewer analysis shows repeated 'threat' logs with 'file-type: PE', 'action: alert', and 'verdict: malicious' from WildFire. The logs consistently show the same internal source IP downloading the same malicious executable from various external, compromised web servers. Despite the alerts, the internal host remains infected. What is the MOST likely root cause of the persistent infection, and what advanced remediation steps should the analyst prioritize?

A) The internal host is infected with persistent malware that re-downloads itself even after initial detection. The analyst must contain the host, initiate forensic analysis, and deploy endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions.
B) The internal host is bypassing the firewall (e.g., using a VPN or direct internet access), so the malicious files are not traversing the firewall. The analyst should investigate network architecture and endpoint configurations.
C) The 'decryption profile' on the firewall is not enabled, preventing the firewall from inspecting encrypted traffic where the malware might be hidden. The analyst should enable SSL decryption.
D) The firewall's WildFire profile is configured in 'monitor' mode instead of 'block'. The analyst should change the WildFire profile to 'block' or 'reset-both' for malicious verdicts and update the security policy.
E) The malicious file is polymorphic, and WildFire is only detecting some variants. The analyst should submit the observed malicious files manually to WildFire for deeper analysis and wait for new signatures.

3. An organization is performing a disaster recovery test for its Palo Alto Networks firewall infrastructure managed by Strata Cloud Manager (SCM). The test scenario involves simulating a complete loss of the primary data center where some physical firewalls reside. The goal is to quickly provision new firewalls in a secondary data center, apply the latest configurations and policies from SCM, and verify operational status with minimal manual intervention. Which SCM features and principles would be critical for a successful, rapid recovery in this context? (Select all that apply)

A) Automated software upgrade scheduling for future maintenance cycles.
B) Real-time visibility and monitoring dashboards to confirm successful firewall re-integration and traffic flow.
C) Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP) to automatically onboard new firewalls upon network connectivity.
D) API integration with orchestration tools to trigger firewall provisioning and policy pushes.
E) SCM's centralized policy and object repository ensuring all configurations are backed up and accessible.

4. A financial institution is deploying IoT devices for environmental monitoring in its data centers. These devices use HTTPS for communication with a cloud-based management platform. Due to compliance requirements, all data leaving the data center must be inspected for sensitive information (e.g., financial data leakage, PII). Additionally, the devices must be authenticated using client certificates. Describe the comprehensive Palo Alto Networks IoT security profile configuration that ensures both deep content inspection and device authentication for these IoT devices.

A) Configure a 'NAT Policy' to translate IoT device IPs. Create a 'Custom URL Category' for the cloud platform. Enable 'DDoS Protection' for the IoT zone. Device authentication will be handled at the cloud platform level.
B) Apply a 'Threat Prevention' profile to block all suspicious activity. Create a 'Tunnel Inspection' profile for all IoT traffic. Configure a 'Security Policy' with 'Source: IoT Zone', 'Destination: Cloud IP', 'Application: any', and 'Action: Allow'.
C) Create an 'IoT Security Profile' with 'Device-ID' enabled. Configure a 'Security Policy' rule from the IoT zone to the Internet, specifying 'Application: ssl', 'Service: application-default', and enable 'SSL Decryption' with a forward trust certificate. Additionally, configure 'Client Certificate Authentication' within the 'Authentication Profile' linked to the security rule.
D) Implement 'URL Filtering' to allow only the cloud management platform's domain. Create a 'Data Filtering' profile to inspect for sensitive data. Configure a 'Security Policy' allowing HTTPS to the cloud platform, applying both URL Filtering and Data Filtering. Rely on pre-shared keys for device authentication.
E) Deploy a 'Web Proxy' in front of the NGFW for HTTPS inspection. Configure the NGFW to use 'User-ID' for device authentication and integrate it with an external AAA server. Use 'File Blocking' to prevent data leakage.

5. A cybersecurity firm manages multiple tenants on a single Palo Alto Networks firewall using Virtual Systems (vSys). Each vSys has its own PBF policies. A new requirement dictates that all outbound web traffic (TCP/80, 443) from a specific subnet (172.16.0.0/24) in 'vSys_A' must first be directed to an external web proxy (192.0.2.254) before being sent to the internet. This proxy is located in a different vSys, 'vSys_B', which has a dedicated interface (ethernet1/10) for this proxy integration. All other traffic from 172.16.0.0/24 in 'vSys A' should follow its regular internet path. Which PBF configuration is appropriate, and what critical inter-vSys element is needed?

A) In 'vSys_A', create a PBF rule: Source Address: 172.16.0.0/24, Application: web-browsing, ssl, Action: Forward, Egress Interface: (Inter-vSys Link Interface), Next Hop: 192.0.2.254. An 'Inter-vSys Link' must be configured between 'vSys_A' and 'vSys_B'.
B) In 'vSys_A', create a PBF rule: Source Address: 172.16.0.0/24, Application: web-browsing, ssl, Action: Forward, Virtual Router: (Virtual Router in vSys_B), Next Hop: 192.0.2.254. This requires an inter-vSys forwarding mechanism to be configured.
C) In 'vSys_A', create a PBF rule: Source Address: 172.16.0.0/24, Application: web-browsing, ssl, Action: Forward, Virtual Router: (Virtual Router in vSys_B where the proxy's network resides). In 'vSys_B', a static route for 172.16.0.0/24 must point to the proxy via ethernet1/10.
D) This scenario requires a dedicated physical interface to connect 'vSys_A' to 'vSys_B' as an 'inter-vSys' data plane link, and PBF cannot be used to directly forward traffic between Virtual Systems.
E) In 'vSys_A', create a PBF rule: Source Address: 172.16.0.0/24, Application: web-browsing, ssl, Egress Interface: ethernet1/10 (assigned to vSys_B), Next Hop: 192.0.2.254, Action: Forward. Ensure a security policy exists in vSys_B to allow traffic from vSys_A to the proxy.

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